Ethical Codes Of Conduct Are Secondary Thoughts - 1531 Words

Enron, WorldCom and Bank of Credit and Commerce, just to name a few, runs chills up and down the spines of, well, just about everybody. These scandals swirled around several large businesses, and hinged on unethical practices – unethical accounting practices, specifically. The idea of ethics is a hot button these days in all genres. In fact, universities and colleges are including ethics in the curriculum of every discipline instead of offering an ethics major, per se (Kanaiah Kumar, 2009). It seems that ethical codes of conduct are secondary thoughts after the critical elements of a chosen discipline, when in actuality; ethics are a common thread across the disciplines. When considering accounting and ethics, the implications of†¦show more content†¦In addition, and maybe most important to the layperson, an auditor does not prepare financial statements, nor do they determine the amounts included in said financials. In essence, an auditor sets the stage to a co mpany’s claim to reliability and accountability to its stakeholders. To that end, ethical standing is essential. Ethics In a perfect world, a company does not commit fraud or some other action to deprive its stakeholders standing, financially or otherwise. However, since the world is a smidge short of perfection, there are some checks and balances to protect stakeholders. Usually, a company’s accountants are such that the financial credibility is maintained internally and then confirmed by an auditor externally with the minimum of adjustments. If internal controls are ineffective, and a company is determined to undermine its stakeholders financially, those types of incidents are reined and culpable accounting practices are discovered by an auditor’s refusal to endorse the financials associated with said business. If the external process fails, the business’ potential viability fails. This has been proven over and over and quite famously. With all that having been said, it is safe to assume that auditors are not perfect; and commit ethical failure as the Arthur Andersen firm did with Enron. There are many ways or reasons

Good vs. Evil, Wrong vs. Right, and Ought/Should Be vs....

Good vs. Evil, Wrong vs. Right, and Ought/Should Be vs. What Is Group B: Question 1: An office worker had a record of frequent absence. He used all his vacation and sick leave days and frequently requested additional leave without pay. His supervisor and co-workers expressed great frustration because his absenteeism caused bottlenecks in paperwork, created low morale in the office, and required others to do his work in addition to their own. On the other hand, he felt he was entitled to take his earned time and additional time off without pay. Was he right? Answer: I feel that yes the office worker was entitled to take his earned time and additional time off without pay but I think how he went about doing so was wrong. Also, it†¦show more content†¦Answer: This could be a very bad situation for Rhonda because one of her friends could overhear them and this could cause problems not only in their friendship but at work also. Rhonda is wrong in thinking that it does no real harm and feeling no remorse for joining in because this decision she made can end up biting her in the rear. Just like these fellow employees are gossiping about other people, she can be sure when she is not around, they are going to be gossipingShow MoreRelatedCivilization Versus Savagery in Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay807 Words   |  4 Pagesnature of man. Golding uses symbols, characters and objects to represent his main ideas and themes. The conch was used to call meetings but is also symbolic of the government structure and power. One of the main themes in the novel â€Å"Civilization vs. Savagery† is fought between two egos, Jack the Id who represents savagery and the desire for power and Ralph the Ego and protagonist, who represents order and leadership. 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Riordan’s Competitive Advantages Free Essays

Riordan’s Competitive Advantages The research will describe which competitive advantages Riordan has in common with McDonald’s and Burger King. This study will estimate, which competitive strategies Riordan could use to improve innovation and sustainability of business operations both in the United States and in the global market. Research will explain why those competitive strategies were chosen and estimate how they may affect sustainability of long-term organizational performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan’s Competitive Advantages or any similar topic only for you Order Now The examination will also explain how the global market would affect the business strategy of Riordan. Riordan Organization McDonald’s and Burger King The McDonald’s Corporation and the Riordan Manufacturing Company are both main industry leaders in their own field. One major competitive advantage that each company has in common is differentiating their products. Each company has a variety of items that meets the need of their consumers. The three companies sell both nationally and internationally. Burger King, Riordan, and McDonald’s increase their sales by offering price discounts, and sale promotions to ensure that their prices are affordable to everyone in need. All three companies use cost leadership, focus, and differentiation tactics to gain a competitive advantage over their competition. Another commonality between the three companies is that they use some type of reward and incentives program to ensure that they are recognizing their employees for operational excellence. Riordan Innovation Strategies Innovation Riordan could increase innovation and sustainability for the business operations in the United States of America and globally by implementing a strategic capacity plan. This plan will increase effectiveness, add improvement to its supply chain, and implement the methods and concepts of lean production to gain value and over time help sustain competitive advantage. Strategic capacity planning starts with better use of resources by reducing waste of raw material and producing products in good time at a lower cost. Riordan should make sure it has stock available and on the shelf, which will allow the inventory cost to rise. Riordan can increase its competitiveness by using farsighted capacity planning, by making use of the breakeven analysis of financial statements. This will help Riordan improve the process that it already uses, and by using the just-in-time inventory, which would help the company in the area of its operation processes. These strategies can be implemented by ensuring a better eye for detail, adding the key values of extreme precisions and enthusiastic quality control to help continued success in the future. Business Decisions Differentiation and cost leadership were two strategies chose because they are the most common between the different companies. Amazingly two leading organizations from different industries are using the same competitive strategies and tactics. The two competitive strategies may be the reason both organizations are leading within their industries. Differentiation is a type of competitive strategy with which the organization seeks to distinguish its products or services from competitors (Valdehueza, 2009). Riordan’s organization sells heart valves, plastic bottles, fans, and medical stents. Clearly, they have a large variety of products. According to Valdehueza, cost leadership is a competitive strategy with which the organization aggressively seeks efficient facilities, cuts costs, and employs tight cost controls to be more efficient than the competition. Decreasing business costs every way possible while providing customers with a high quality product is a definite way to ensure an advantage over the competition. Sustainability When organizations master’s cost leadership, and differentiation they will began to meet and exceed long-term goals. The organizations can use these two strategies for every business situation they may encounter. Proper use of both strategies will result in sustainability and organizational performance. Competition between companies will create a winner and a looser. In the competition process in efforts for the winners to win, they have to increase consumer value to satisfy the customer. This method alone will create long-term sustainability within the corporation. Organizations create customer loyalty by increasing consumer value in efforts to surpass the competition. Continual improvements of this particular process will sustain long-term organizational performance, and operational excellence. Global Market Affect Business strategy The globalization of markets is the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one larger global marketplace (Hill, 2009). With any form of globalization, companies will have to understand international measurement issues. Riordan’s Plastic began with international measurement in efforts to prepare the company for the global market. According to Hill, the globalization of production is the sourcing of services from one location around the world to take advantage of national differences in the cost of factors or production in labor energy, land, and capital (2009). International measurement issues include return on investments (ROI), budget analysis, and historical comparison (Wheelen Hunger, 2010). Dr. Riordan insisted on using their resources as a tool to increase profits when he started this company. This way when Riordan became international customer satisfaction and the rate of return was the most important factors. Riordan also needed a budget analysis as well as a historical comparison to maintain global success. Conclusion One major competitive advantage that each company has in common is differentiating their products. Each company has a variety of items that meets the need of their consumers. All three companies use cost leadership, focus, and differentiation tactics to gain a competitive advantage over their competition. Riordan can increase its competitiveness by using farsighted capacity planning, by making use of the breakeven analysis of financial statement, which will help Riordan improve the process that it already uses, and by using the just-in-time inventory, which would help the company in the area of its operation processes. Differentiation and cost leadership were two strategies chose because they are the most common between the different companies. When an organization masters cost leadership, and differentiation they will began to meet and exceed long-term goals. Continuous improvements of this particular process will sustain long-term organizational performance, and operational excellence. Riordan also needed a budget analysis as well as a historical comparison to maintain global success. References Chauhan, S. , Nagi, R. , Proth, J. (2004) Strategic capacity planning in supply chain design for a new Market opportunity International Journal of Production Research 42(11), p. 2197 – 2206 Hill, C. W. (2009) International business competing in the global marketplace (7th ed. ) Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Shields, T. 1999) Tutorials – lean production / lean manufacturing Defense Acquisition University. Retrieved January 31, 2012, from http://www. dau. mil/educdept/mm_dept_resources/navbar/lean/01rdg-lean. asp Valdehueza, Gregar, D (2009) Strategy Formulation, and Implementation Retrieved from: http://www. slideshare. net/gar_dev/strategy-formulation-and-implementation-1224519 Wheelen, T. L. , Hunger, J. D. (2010) Concepts in strategic management and business policy: Achieving sustainability (12th ed. ) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall How to cite Riordan’s Competitive Advantages, Papers

Just-In-Time Manufacturing free essay sample

A study of the method of Just-in-Time manufacturing for business organizations. This paper examines the use of the Just-in-time manufacturing method. It describes the key strategy behind just-in-time manufacturing: less inventory means more cash, which is good for most businesses, and demonstrates the application of this principal. The author writes that with Just-in-time manufacturing, stock is wasteful and eliminated, but there are also negative effects on the environment involved in this alternative process. Just-in-time manufacturing is a method of manufacturing goods that was developed by Toyota in the 1980s. Since that time, many companies around the world have begun to successfully implement just-in-time processes, including several companies in the United States. (Maskell, 1989) Just-in-time manufacturing is a method of manufacturing in which non-value-adding activities (or are identified and removed for the purposes of reducing costs, improving quality, improving performance, improving delivery, adding flexibility and increasing innovativeness.

Community Work program The pros and cons of this alternate approach to criminal justice Essay Example

Community Work program: The pros and cons of this alternate approach to criminal justice Essay The American criminal justice system has adopted punitive measures of varying degrees, the harshest of them being capital punishment. Over the recent decades, the judiciary has decidedly moved toward incorporating more restorative measures in its sentencing. This is not applicable across the length and breadth of the country, as the conservative South is still differentiated by its unwillingness to abandon death penalty. Nevertheless, at least in the more liberal states of the Union, the judiciary is seen to promote community service as a means of delivering justice as well as inculcating into the guilty individual a sense of social responsibility. The rest of the essay will discuss the pros and cons of this alternative approach to criminal justice. As a result of community work programs, the participant individuals undergo a personal transformation in the way they relate to society. Moreover, the places and events where they serve require volunteers; and when there is a shortfall of volunteers, the criminal justice system can enroll some minor offenders into this program. In other words, the chief strength of community work programs lie in the fact that they are â€Å"essential services†, as opposed to work conjured up on an ad hoc basis in some of the prisons in the country (Zehr, 2002). The drawbacks of the prison system are all too well documented in social science scholarship. Now that crimes in the twenty first century have taken on more devastating proportions in the form of terrorism, etc., the retaliatory and revengeful measures against individuals and groups found guilty of these crimes will only help increase the likelihood of such attacks in the future. Also, unlawful detention and instances of torture are more likely in under such a legal framework. There are disagreements concerning the ends and means of a particular case. One might dispute that the means are more important than the ends they realize. The question of ethics also crops up while dealing with such topics. Human rights activists hold that an individual, however inhuman he/she may be, needs to be treated ethically maintaining human dignity. An additional barrier towards legalizing torture is that a lot of thought and effort needs to be pumped in to make torture acceptable to all sections of th e society. As long as these questions remain unanswered, more inclusive and compassionate approaches like community service would be ideal as the criminal justice system goes forward (Zehr, 2002). We will write a custom essay sample on Community Work program: The pros and cons of this alternate approach to criminal justice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Community Work program: The pros and cons of this alternate approach to criminal justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Community Work program: The pros and cons of this alternate approach to criminal justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although community work would be too mild a sentence for crimes of great magnitude, they can be included as part of the overall package of convict rehabilitation and restoration. The appeal of community work lies in the greater public support it gets and also from the fact that such a program does not impinge on human rights considerations and the basic dignity of the sentenced individual, while at the same time guaranteeing the safety and protection of the civil society. These are some of the strengths of community work programs. There is one other crucial factor which makes community work the first choice punishment in the criminal justice system – the failure of the conventional prison system and their tendency to psychologically disturb the prisoner. For example, recent research indicates that young offenders are more prone to suicidal tendencies than the control group. The researchers studied one large prison centre in the United States and the statistics reveal a disturbing trend. The institute in question housed 500 prisoners in remand and 304 convicted ones. Most inmates were between the age of 18 and 35. In a span of ten months, between August 2001 and June 2001, four inmates hung themselves. The remand prisoners were forced to spend more than 80 % of their time inside the cell. New entrants to the facility found it difficult to socialize due to bullying by the older inmates. Most prisoners were in a state of â€Å"anxiety and vulnerability† due to the alien nature of their dwelling and their separation from close family members (Zehr, 2002). The techniques used by the prison officers to control and restrain these offenders were extremely harsh. On top of all this the inmate health care system was found to be inefficient. The prison staffs were found to lack morale and motivation to perform their duties. So, the suicides of 4 of these prisoners are attributable to conditions existing within the confines of the facility. Sadly, the above case was not a one-off. They represent the general state of prisons and detention centers across the country. A report released by a reliable human rights group, Helsinki Watch, supports the view that Overall, prisons are inadequate in providing its inhabitants with necessary emotional support. Community work programs on the other hand have proved more effective in terms of keeping the convict in better mental and physical health (Andrews Bonta, 2003). Of course, community work programs bring with them their own set of risks. For example, if the guilty individual is posted to a locality or an institution with a history of discrimination or physical/sexual abuse, then there is a good likelihood that the community work enrollee will get into quarrels and altercations, if not give vent to more violent reactions. Moreover, the participant will have to fully commit himself/herself for the task assigned to him/her. Half-hearted efforts to serve the community will only result in making the individual vulnerable to commit further crimes and will ultimately defeat the restorative purpose. These are a set of drawbacks associated with the concept of community service as a remedial measure for social crimes (Mason, 1998). There are human rights activists, who take a more compassionate view of the flawed behaviors of criminals. The implication here being that relatively un-oppressive punishments such as imposition of so many hours of community work is more legitimate when compared to harsher punishments. But, it should be borne in mind that â€Å"The human rights movement is based on the need for a counter-ideology to combat the abuses and misuses of political authority by those who invoke as a justification for their activities, the need to subordinate the particular needs of the individuals to the general good. The stance of the rights workers in the long haul benefits a few persons in comparison to the safety and security of the entire society.† (Andrews Bonta, 2003) Hence, we need to gain a more nuanced understanding of the nature of civil liberties and how the rights of individuals square off against that of the community, before deciding on the right approach to punishing criminals. Another area where community work holds an advantage over traditional measures of justice is its long-term effects on the guilty individual. Studies have documented how convicts, having completed their prison terms find it difficult to reintegrate into society, making them more vulnerable for repeating violent behavior, which landed them in prison in the first place. It also has to be remembered that any opportunity for social interaction in the prison environment can also be an opportunity for sexual experience. Correctional programs will not work without an atmosphere of camaraderie and a sense of belonging. Hence, the solution lies in balancing between these two necessities. Admonishments and physical restraints have obviously failed to improve the inmates’ wellbeing, as several studies indicate. Moreover, such ex-convicts are prone to indulge in deviant sexual behavior when they come out of their detention centers, making a strong case for holistic and accommodative punish ments as community work (Andrews Bonta, 2003). The debate on the efficacy of conventional punitive measures of the criminal justice system, such as imprisonment and monetary penalty has a long history. But such measures do not take into account the fact that the reasons behind crimes comprise of a broad spectrum of causes, ranging from socio-economic factors, level of education, physical or emotional abuse and even genetics. So, designing a system of that would factor-in these causes and attempt to remedy the roots of the malady has now become imperative. While community work program are not a panacea, they help mitigate the problem to an extent. Works Cited: Andrews, DA Bonta, J., The Psychology of Criminal Conduct, ISBN 1-58360-544-4, published in 2003 â€Å"Is torture ever justified? Terrorism and civil liberty.,(All democracies eschew torture, but some are ambivalent).† The Economist (US) 384.8547 (Sept 22, 2007): 72US. Mason, W. A., Zimmerman, L., Evans, W. (Oct 1998). Sexual and physical abuse among incarcerated youth: implications for sexual behavior, contraceptive use, and teenage pregnancy. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22, n10. p.987(9). Zehr, H, Little Book of Restorative Justice, ISBN 1-56148-376-1, published in 2002

Biography on Dave Mirra essays

Biography on Dave Mirra essays Dave started riding at the age of four with his brother, and was jumping curbs and flying over dirt ramps by the time he turned five. He never thought he was special when he entered his first BMX freestyle contest in Columbus, Ohio at age ten and placed second to last. But he just loved riding a bike and discovered that he was best suited to ramp riding. Soon he mastered the vert slopes and got on sponsored teams, with Haro bikes being the first at age 13. By the time he graduated from high school, he was a professional BMX rider and considered one of the top ramp riders in the world. He has gone on to become known as 'Miracle Boy' for the many incredible moves he added to the sport. It could also be due to the fact that he is the athlete that has won more medals in BMX history, and has a combined total of 12 X Games medals in street and vert (- 9 gold and 3 silver). Dave holds the record for the most gold medals won for and X Games athlete. In the 2000 X-Games he pulled off the first-ever double back flip in a competition. In 2000, Dave was one of two extreme sports athletes to be recognized as a notable sports icon in all sports with his media value alone reaching an approximate $2.5 million. Currently residing in Greenville, North Carolina, Dave is respected among his rider buddies as the leading influencer of BMX. He was voted BMX Rider of the Year at the 2001 ESPN Action Sports Dave has appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated for Kids, and has been featured in Rolling Stone, ESPN the Magazine, Good Morning America, Disney's The Jersey Show, several celebrity challenges and The Late Show with David Letterman. Dave has also contributed a lot back to th ...

Film and Media Studies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words - 1

Film and Media Studies - Research Paper Example In philosophical reconfiguration of cinema the researcher has discussed on the terms phenomenology, ontology, semiotics and ethical factors as found in the films. The utilitarian deontological ethics are the other philosophies discussed and they are supported by various references in the films. Cinema has been the major source of the knowledge of human psyche. â€Å"Every theorist, every film maker, every philosopher, every place has a different story to tell.† (Flicity Colman 2009: 5) Cinema started developing at the end of nineteenth century with the advancement in photography, mechanics, optics and chronophotography. Much have been discussed about the essence of cinema, what we call it a theory of cinema. Film theory is a scientific process of organizing through which we learn to be disciplined and as objective as possible in our judgement about films. (Pieter Fourie: 194) Fourie further discusses four subjects of film theory: According to some experts cinema is a movement, and some say it is an interval. Some thought cinema as an image and some thought it as writing. The experts also debate on the question whether cinema is a science or it is an art. The discussion further continued with the ontological, epistemological and anthropological connections of cinema. Cinema was considered as a new medium of communication in early twentieth century. Many Film theories were developed to study the essence of cinema. They include classic film theory, apparatus theory, auteur theory, feminist film theory, formalist film theory, genre studies, Marxist film theory, philosophy of language film theory, psychoanalytical film theory, screen theory, and structuralist film theory. The paper tries to discuss some of these theories through the examples of some films. The topic of discussion is based on particular category of cinema and that is psychological thriller films. The research paper on Media studies basically

Discuss problems arising from IAS 17 Leases Essay

Discuss problems arising from IAS 17 Leases - Essay Example In a globalized economy leasing activities are increasing in magnitude as businesses strive to improve competitiveness through cost reduction and improved quality of products and services (IFRS Foundation, 2013a). Therefore, changes in accounting standards for leasing will influence the overall preparation of financial statements. Leasing is of great significance to the business entities. â€Å"It is a means of gaining access to assets, obtaining finance, and of reducing an entity’s exposure to the risk of asset ownership† (IFRS Foundation, 2013a, p.5). Initially, the prevailing accounting model for leases required the lessors and lessees to recognize and categorize leases either as finance leases or operating lease. Also, it required them to maintain a separate account for leases. The financing lease used to finance equipment for the most of its useful life and lessee would take the ownership of the equipment after the lease period. On the other hand, operating lease financed equipment for a period less that its useful life and lessee returned the leased equipment to the lessor without any obligation of transfer of ownership. However, the model failed to fulfill the needs of users because it did not recognize assets and liabilities relating to operating leases. This led to the adoption of IAS 1 17 Leases (IFRS Foundation, 2013a). The application of IAS 17, Leases requires the lessee to establish items and maintain track of all right-to-use assets. It requires comprehensive sub-ledgers and creates the need for the establishment of discrete â€Å"property, plant and equipment sub-ledgers for the right-to-use assets† (IFRS Foundation, 2013a, p. 5). In addition, the lessee has to establish a scheme to ascertain each lease as a component of right-to-use asset category. However, the International Accounting Standards 17 (IAS 17),

Poetry and Politics Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poetry and Politics Paper - Essay Example Bryant opens his poem with the recognition that slavery represents not only a â€Å"great wrong† but also a slow and painful journey in race relations (The Death of Slavery, Line 1). Bryant opens Death of Slavery with: O THOU great Wrong, that, through the slow-paced years, Didst hold they millions fettered, and didst wield The scourge that drove the labourer to the field, And turn a stony gaze on human tears, They cruel reign is o’er.... (The Death of Slavery, 1900, First Stanza). Thus for Bryant’s The Death of Slavery, represents not only a reminder of the pain and suffering associated with the oppression of one race over another, but its place in history also serves as a reminder that mankind can and has overcome the worst of evils punctuating race relations in history. Bryant’s last stanza of The Death of Slavery pulls this realization together as follows: I see the better years that hasten by Carry thee back into that shadowy past, Where, in the dusty spaces, void and vast, The graves of those whom thou hast murdered lie. The slave-pen, through whose door Thy victims pass no more...(The Death of Slavery, 1900, Last Stanza). ... Bryant (1900) likewise recalls that this â€Å"grim† past: At which the slave was sold; while at thy feet Scourges and engines of restraint and pain Moulder and rust by thine eternal seat. There, mid the symbols that proclaim they crimes, Dwell thou, a warning to the coming times (The Death of Slavery, 1900, Last Stanza). In other words, recalling the evils of the past, serves as a caution to resist evil of any kind relative to race relations among mankind. Obama likewise, sees the utility in remembering the cruel past. Obama stated that he felt it was a significant visit for his daughters as they would be encouraged to fight cruel oppression of any kind to prevent this kind of history repeating itself. Thomas Merton’s And the Children of Birmingham was written in the 1960s amidst the race movement in the US during that time. The poem reflects on the bombing in Birmingham, Alabama that killed Black children staging a protest in the 1960s against the oppression of Black in the US is also instructive. And the Children of Birmingham likewise calls attention to the cruel pass in terms of race relations and also speaks to man’s ability to overcome this kind of cruel legacy. Herron (2005) informs that from Merton’s perspective however, the death of the children in Birmingham is less about marking the history of race relations among Americans. Instead, And the Children of Birmingham is more about hope and this hope is expressed by calling upon Americans everywhere to look upon all Americans as equals, as brothers and sisters (2005). And The Children of Birmingham draws attention to the innocent victims and inheritors of the evils of cruel race relations

Relationship Between Balance Of Payments And Exchange Rate Finance Essay

Relationship Between Balance Of Payments And Exchange Rate Finance Essay The accedence of developing countries such as China, Thailand, Vietnamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to the international trade give them the prosperous and economic growth; however the countries have faced many issues in managing their macro-economy to sustain the economic growth and development. Especially, in Vietnam, the government usually has serious difficulties in managing and operating the economic with the deficit in the Balance of Payments, the depreciation domestic currency and retraining the local inflation. The balance of payment is one of the most considerations of the governments when they formulate the national trade, fiscal and monetary policies, so it has the significant important role in governments policy decision-making. It also has an indispensable part to organizations (i.e. banks, companies, nongovernment organizations) and individuals that are directly or indirectly involved in international trade and finance (Dominick Salvatore, 2011). And the Balance of Payments is a significant indicator of the pressure on the exchange rate of a country (David K. Eitman, Arthur I. Stonehill Michael H. Moeffett, 2010). In the context of Vietnam, the surplus in the Balance of Payments encourages the governments allow the value of the domestic currency to increase. On the other hand, the significant deficit in Balance of Payments force the government to devalue the price of VND (David K. Eitman, Arthur I. Stonehill Michael H. Moeffett, 2010). Next, the theories of exchange rate determination that related to the inflation and the balance of payments are Purchasing Power Parity Approaches and Balance of Payments Approaches respectively. According to Purchasing Power Parity approaches, the determination of the equilibrium of exchange rate in long term is the ratio of domestic prices relative to foreign prices (David K. Eitman, Arthur I. Stonehill Michael H. Moeffett, 2010). And along with Balance of payments approaches, the exchange rate reflects the transactions in the current and financial accounts of the balance of payments (David K. Eitman, Arthur I. Stonehill Michael H. Moeffett, 2010). The exchange rate movements also produce the risk for firms, because they result in foreign exchange exposure, i.e. transaction risk, translation exposure and operating or economic exposure. The transaction risk refers to the exposure of the firms contractual transactions in foreign currencies (Jeff Madura, 2008). The translation expos ure refers to the exposure when the firms translate or consolidate their subsidiaries financial statements to the currency of the parent company (Jeff Madura, 2008). The economic exposure refers to the exposure of a firms present values, which are affected from the changes in operating cash flows, which are effected movements of exchange rate (David K. Eitman, Arthur I. Stonehill Michael H. Moeffett, 2010). Thus, the transaction exposure is the subfield of the economic exposure (Jeff Madura, 2008). In the context of Vietnam, USD is considered as a tool to invest; thus when the value of USD increase with respect to the value of VND, people and investor will exchange from VND to USD. There are two reasons behind that fact; first, they want to invest in USD; second, they afraid of the inflation and the devaluation in VND. Therefore, the movements of exchange rate will impact the inflation in Vietnam. And the inflation impacts everyone directly or indirectly. It impacts on savers and investors, people with fixed incomes (i.e. pension payment); for example, if the inflation rate goes up higher than the return on savings or investment, the received money will be worth less than it was when they deposited. However, the increase in the inflation may impact positively the people who owe money; they may generally get benefit from inflation if the value of the money they repay is less than that of the amount of their loans. On the other hand, the inflation may affects negatively the people who lend money, if the value of the money they lend to other people is worth than the value of money the borrowers repay them. To be noted, the inflation will influences business; the inflation will increase the costs, so the companies have to try to increase their incomes higher than the increase in inflation in order to c ompensate the increase in the costs (Gerson Antell and Walter Harris, 2005). The inflation also impacts the international trade of a country. In the circumstances of other things equal, if the inflation rate increases relative to that of the trade-partner countries, its current account will decrease. Because the people in that country will purchase more imports from foreign countries due to the higher local inflation, while the exports of that country will decline (Jeff Madura, 2008). That will impact the demand for and supply of the currencies of that currencies (Jeff Madura, 2008) Next, I would like to mention briefly about the three things the research is going to study. First, tn principle, the balance of payments is a summary statement which embraces all the transactions of the residents of a nation with the residents of all other nations, and they are recorded during a period of time. (Dominick Salvatore, 2011:434).Thus, it summarizes all transaction into some categories and only the net balance of each one is included and has time dimension. The transactions in the balance of payments are international, and are classified as credits or debits. The credit transactions refer to the receipts of payments from foreigners and they are noted with a positive sign. On the other hand, the debit transactions refer to the payments to foreigners and they are noted with a negative sign. (Dominick Salvatore, 2011). Next, an exchange rate is the price of one currency expressed in terms of another (Glen Arnold, 2008:965). There are two ways of quotation for exchange rate (i.e. direct quotation and indirect quotation). Within the direct quotation, the exchange rate between a domestic currency and foreign one is equal to the number of the domestic currency to purchase one unit of a foreign currency (Dominick Salvatore, 2011). The indirect quotation is vice versa. Next, the movements of the exchange rate refer to the terms depreciation and appreciation. The depreciation is increases in the price of the foreign currency with respect to the domestic currency; and the appreciation refers to decreases in the price of the foreign currency with respect to the domestic currency page (Dominick Salvatore, 2011). Thus, the depreciation in this study refers to the increases of the price of USD with respect to VND, and the appreciation refers to decreases in the price of USD with respect to VND. In Vietnam, USD is the most popular foreign currency and it has an significant important role in the economy in Vietnam. Moreover, the people in Vietnam invest so much in USD in order to earn interest or avoid the risk of inflation of VND. Therefore, the exchange rate that the study will collect and analyze is the exchange rate between USD and VND USDVND. The rate is quoted directly, that means the rate reflect how much domestic currency (i.e. VND) for one unit of foreign currency (i.e. USD) Next, I would like to mention about the inflation, the method to measure the inflation in this study and the inflation in Vietnam. According to Romer Inflation is an increase in the average price of goods and services in terms of money (2006: 497). The inflation is measured by many methods such as: consumer price index, producer price index, GDP inflation indices, etc. The CPI and PPI are fixed-weight measures; that means the same basket of goods and services is analyzed each month. Meanwhile, the GDP inflation indices are a variable-weight measure; within this method, the basket of goods and services being assessed depended on what was produced during a particular quarter (Evelina M. Tainer, 2006). Among those methods, CPI is the most popular method to measure inflation in the world because it has many advantages with respect to other methods. For example, the GDP inflation indices cover more items than CPI, but the GDP inflation indices are released only quarterly; meanwhile the mo nthly release of the CPI help people observe the inflation closely and constantly. Moreover, the PPI just embraces the price changes in wholesales business; it does not involve services which is the fastest-growing section in the world (Bernard Baumohl, 2005). Therefore, CPI is more relevant to the cost of living and the cost of doing business. Consumer price index refers how much consumers pay for goods and services, that influences individual and corporate investment, the cost of business and the quality of life (Bernard Baumohl, 2005). And CPI is an index number which expresses percentage changes from base year. Structure of literature review The literature review of this study will follow the format: The Balance of Payment The definition The constituents of the Balance of Payments. When the Balance of Payments is surplus and deficit. Their impact on inflation and exchange rate An overview about the Balance of Payments in Vietnam and its challenges The Inflation The definition How to measure the inflation The method applied in the context of Vietnam The influence of the inflation on the exchange rate and the Balance of Payments The overview about the inflation in Vietnam and its problems The exchange rate The definition Why the author choose the exchange rate between VND and USD to study. The impact of the movements of exchange rate on the Balance of Payments and the deficit The overview about the Vietnamese currency regime and the exchange rate between VND and USD in Vietnam The relationship or reciprocal among The exchange rate, the Balance of Payments and the Inflation in the context of developing countries that has the conditions and situations like Vietnam The issue and challenges that Vietnam is facing in the relationships among the exchange rate (USD/VND), the Balance of Payments and the Inflation Significance of the study This study will produce the reader an overview and help them understand more about the relationship or reciprocal among the Balance of Payments, the movements of exchange rate and the Inflation in Vietnam. So, the study will produce significant benefits: The government in Vietnam will have one more useful research paper in the governance of the macro-economy, especially about the control and manage the Inflation, the state of Balance of Payments when the exchange rate moves. The benefit of the study is helping the firms in Vietnam can understand and forecast the inflation and the exchange rate (USD/VND) in Vietnam better. That will help them hedge their incomes and payments in order to reduce the risks. As we know, Inflation causes instabilities and distorts economic decisions; however only unexpected inflation rates causes problems, not anticipated inflation rates. (Evelina M. Tainer, 2006) 3. Research questions and objectives 3.1 Research questions The study will try to answer the following questions in the context of Vietnam: 1. How the exchange rate moves when the state of Balance of Payment is deficit or surplus? 2. How the inflation responds to the movements of exchange rate between USD-VND? The research will not only analyze the movements of the three factors in the past form 1995 to 2010 but also try to produce the main reasons and causes behind the movements. Those will help the readers can have a deep and big view about the relationships between the Balance of Payments the exchange rate (USD-VND); and between the exchange rate (USD-VND) The inflation. 3.2 Research objectives There are two main objectives: 1. Finding common movements of the exchange rate when the Balance of Payments deficit and surplus; and the common respond of the inflation to the movements of the exchange rate. 2. Clarifying the main reasons and causes in those facts. In order to achieve the objective one, the author will collect date from 1995 to 2010; then the data will be examined by employing SPSS or Microsoft Office Excel Next, the second objectives will require more comprehensive academic reading and secondary researches or from some specialists and officers in the government to clarify the deep reasons behind the facts. 4. Research methodology Research design 4.1 research methodology This part will involve in the methodology or procedure to find out the relationship between the three factors in the context of Vietnam. The study will the method involved in secondary data collection, and there may be interviews with some specialists; then the analysis will be used to find the conclusions. 4.2 Research design The author proposes the questions and hypothesis; then the author collected quantitative data and information from secondary resources to analyze and find the answers. The questions and hypothesis come first and guide the process of gathering data. According to what I mention above, I can declare that the epistemology of this research is positivism. The data of this research is analyzed to test the hypotheses. The author is independent from what are being researched. 4.3 Data collection The research method of collecting data in this study is collecting data and information from secondary data sources. The author will collect data for exchange rates between VND and USD, the state of Balance of Payments and the Inflation in Vietnam, the balance of payments in Vietnam and the inflation in Vietnam from 1995 to 2010. The research will collect the date from 1995, because that is the time U.S abolished completely the trade embargo to Vietnam. That influenced international trade in Vietnam and created the relation between the balance of Payments and the exchange rate between USD-VND as well as the impact of the exchange rate on the inflation in Vietnam 5. Time scale This study is divided into four stages and the duration of each stage in particular and that of the study in general are predicted as follows: Stages Working Duration 1 Literature review 4 weeks 2 Collecting Data 6 weeks 3 Data analysis and presentation 4 weeks 4 Conclusion and recommendation 3 weeks It is flexible to change the duration of study subject due to unexpected problems occurring during the research process 6. Resources The research process will be involved in the following resources: A laptop computer to do the study Internet access to collect data and information Online library access to approach academic papers related to the study. The assistance from governments staff to access the date of exchange rates, the inflation index and the state of Balance of payments. Particular, the researcher needs the instructors guidance of how to use software to analyze data such as Microsoft Office Excel or SPSS, or others.

The Impact of Immigration on The United States Essay -- American Econo

The United States is a country that was built on immigration. The first settlers, Native Americans, represent less than 2% of the total population; the remaining 98% of the population are immigrants or decedents of immigrants. Today, the US still has the highest immigration rate in the world with 757,434 naturalizations in the 2012 fiscal year only (US Naturalizations 2012, Department of Homeland security). People try to immigrate to the United States for many reasons. Some people immigrate because they have been granted a refugee status or asylum and other people immigrate to fulfill their dreams. Immigration has an effect on the American society and economy. The US cannot survive without immigrants. Every year, many people immigrate to the US for several reasons. There are those who come to look for a safe place to stay because their countries are in war. Some immigrants have left their home countries to escape war or fear of persecution. They are refugees and have a legal right to remain the United States. Others come to the US to seek protection; they are granted an asylum and are also lawful residents. Besides that, most immigrants leave their countries and come to the US to fulfill their dreams. More so, the majority of the immigrants are unauthorized immigrants who are all foreign born nonresidents. According to Population Estimates, Office of Immigration Statistics, Department of Homeland Security (2011): 4. The number of unauthorized immigrants in US was estimated to 11,510,000.Regarding only to this large number of the unauthorized immigrants we can think about an eventual impact of immigration on US. First of all immigration has a huge impact on demography and social change because it raises the US population. M... ...ates: January 2010." Population Estimates, Office of Immigration Statistics, Department of Homeland Security (2011): 4. Kica, Matos. "13 years is too long for people to wait." USA Today n.d.: Academic Search Complete. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. Laura Parker ‘’US just wouldn’t work without immigrant labor’’USATODAY’’7/22/2001 updated 11:21 PM ET http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/july01/2001-07-23-immigrant.htm Melanie Oubre Population ‘’Growth Fueled by Immigration Puts U.S. on Fast-Track to Depletion of Natural Resources’’Number USA Friday, December 28, 2012, 11:40 AM EST https://www.numbersusa.com/content/nusablog/moubre/december-28-2012/population-growth-fueled-immigration-puts-us-fast-track-depletion-n Murphy,Dean E ``Imagining Life Without Illegal Immigrants’’ New York Times January 11,2004 http://www.wright.edu/~tdung/ Immigrants.htm

Commentary on Anthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owens Essay

The sonnet â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† by Wilfred Owen explores the horrific and tragic conditions of the deaths of World War I soldiers on the Western front. By contrasting the soldiers’ deaths with the customary Christian funeral ceremonies, Owen comments on the dark irony that the young men who gave their lives to serve â€Å"God and their country† were denied the respectful yet superficial rituals that the religious society value so much. The title of the poem well expresses the sentiments Owen conveys throughout the sonnet. The use of the term â€Å"anthem†, which is usually refers to a joyous and often religious song of praise, is in this case referring to the widely held view that fighting for one’s country is joyous and honorable. This anthem, however, is for â€Å"Doomed Youth†, and there is a dark irony that this widely held sense of pride and nationalism about war actually results in futility and death. Owen chooses to describe the young soldiers as â€Å"doomed† because they are destined for death as soon as they enter the army, because of the futility of the strategies used in this war. The soldiers are also referred to as â€Å"youth† to emphasize their innocence and create the image of healthy, fit young men dying for nothing, which arouses pity in the reader. The first stanza is an octave that describes the horrifically violent conditions of these young soldiers’ deaths by contrasting and juxtaposing auditory imagery of the battlefield as the soldiers die with descriptions of customary funeral ceremonies. The first line is a rhetorical question, which forces the reader to truly ponder all that the soldiers lack in terms of acknowledgment and ceremonies of death, and this encouragement to think is further enhanced by the hyphen in the beginning of the second line, which forces the reader to pause. Owen emphasizes the shocking nature of the soldiers’ world, the war, by saying that the soldiers â€Å"die as cattle†, which conveys the manner in which these young men are slaughtered inhumanely as if they are worthless and are treated as if they have no identity. Instead of â€Å"passing-bells†, which is society’s way of acknowledging a death, these soldiers receive the â€Å"only the monstrous anger of the guns†, which indicates that their death goes unnoticed as if they were just cattle. Furthermore, Owen comments on all the rituals and customs that the soldiers fail to receive. The personification of the guns as being â€Å"angry† contrasts to the solemn sorrow the soldiers should have received upon their death. The repetition of â€Å"only† in lines 2 and 3 emphasizes all that the soldiers lack, as we are then told that instead of funeral prayers, the soldiers instead hear the â€Å"stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle†; the alliteration echoes the gunfire and the onomatopoeia allows the reader to hear the harshness and irregular but constant sounds of the guns. By implying that these guns â€Å"patter out their hasty orisons†, Owen points out the irony that these men who have gone to war for God are being killed and must have â€Å"orisons† muttered for them by the deadly machines that are responsible for their death. The â€Å"orisons† are described as â€Å"hasty†, which indicates the rapid pace of the war and the fact that these soldiers have little time to live. Furthermore, instead of church choirs, the soldiers hear the â€Å"shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells†, which seems to suggest a demonic sound, perhaps implying that the soldiers receive no peace even after death. The personification of the shells as â€Å"wailing† is ironic because the weapons that killed the soldiers sound as if they are mourning for them. Further down the stanza, Owen subtly criticizes the Christian religion and its ceremonies as he describes the funeral customs as â€Å"mockeries†. This term suggests the irony in the fact that these soldiers, who have given their lives for God and their country, are not able to enjoy these ceremonies that acknowledge their death, even though they may be the ones that most deserve them. The last line of the first stanza foreshadows the coming volta as it shifts the focus from the conditions of death in war to the sadness that the deaths in the war brings to those who knew the soldiers. The sound of the gentle and beautiful â€Å"bugles calling† is a sharp contrast from the violent noises of the war but the mention of the â€Å"sad shires† seems to imply that this sad calling is coming from anonymous â€Å"shires† far away. The sad, and less violent tone of the last line of the octave is carried onto the second paragraph, in which the tone becomes contemplative and sorrowful. There is a volta as the focus shifts from the violence of the war to the sober yet sincere way in which these young men die at war, with no elaborate customs but with pure, untainted emotion. Owen begins this stanza with another rhetorical question: â€Å"What candles may be held to speed them all?† The term â€Å"speed them all† seems to refer to the passage to heaven, and thus we are made to wonder: without candles or ceremony, will the soldiers be able to find their way to heaven, or will they haunt the battle grounds forever? In the following lines Owen gives us the heartrending but optimistic answer that indicates that although the soldiers are neglected of the traditional funeral ceremonies, nature itself and those who love them give them a metaphorical ceremony that is much more sincere and pure. Therefore, although the candles are not in their hands, they are in â€Å"their eyes†. This metaphor gives the image of sparkling, glittering eyes, as if the soldier’s eyes were brimmed with tears as he died. This pure emotion of sorrow of â€Å"goodbyes† is suggested to be purer and more sincere than artificial and elaborate ceremonies through the use of positive words such as â€Å"shine†, â€Å"glimmer† and â€Å"holy†. Owen suggests that through pure emotions, the soldiers have their own special kind of funeral as the â€Å"pallor of girls brows shall be their pall†, which conveys how the sadness of their loved ones acts as their funeral covering. This substitution of emotions for the ceremonial objects continues in line 13, when the â€Å"tenderness of patient minds† metaphorically become these soldiers’ flowers. The last line of the poem is very powerful as it concludes the poem by showing how the deaths of the soldiers are being acknowledged in a way far superior to the religious ceremonies. Owen depicts the way in which instead of having the â€Å"drawing-down of blinds†, that is a traditional act of acknowledging their death, all of nature is metaphorically drawing the blinds by slowly becoming dark in a â€Å"slow dusk†. The adjective â€Å"slow† conveys the respect that all of nature is paying to these brave men, even as society forgets about them. Ultimately, Owen takes the reader through an incredible journey in this short but deep sonnet. He conveys the the horrors of war and depicts all the religious ceremony that these soldiers are ironically denied off. However, towards the end of the poem, Owen brings us to realize the strength of the emotions and sorrow of those who loved these youth as their raw feelings became the soldiers’ funeral. Although the poem is bleak and dark throughout, the last stanza is poignant and heartrending as we realize that emotions and love are stronger and more important than any customs or traditions.

Military Governments essays

Military Governments essays Military government, as is evident from the name, refers to the administration of a country by the military. Such a government may be formed when a country conquers another country and establishes a military government or after an internal take-over of power by the military through a coup d'tat. While such governments are a rarity in developed countries, they are quite common in the third world countries. This paper takes a brief look at the major strengths and weaknesses of military governments. The basic role of the military is the defense of a country's borders and to protect it from foreign aggression. It is generally expected to operate under the control of the civilian government. However, in a number of third world countries with no established tradition of civilian or democratic rule, the military acquires a lot of muscle and begins to harbor political ambitions. Due to strict discipline and a hierarchical administrative structure, the military organization is often contemptuous of the "undisciplined" manner in which a civilian seems to work and usually considers the politicians as deceitful and corrupt. It is by nature suspicious of any widespread unrest or signs of threat to security of the country. With such a mind-set, it is easy for the military to justify the take-over of the government on the pretext of corruption and misrule by a civilian government and for the "greater national interest." Strengths The major strength of a military government is its highly hierarchical power structure, whereby a military dictator can take difficult and bold decisions in times of emergency situations. Military governments also have a more efficient mechanism of implementing their decisions; hence such a government is able to bring riots and other law and order situations under control quickly by the use of force and by ...

Egyptian Korean essays

Egyptian Korean essays Everyone wants to have eternal life. From ancient Egyptians to generations now days, people feared mysterious world after death and tried hard to extend their life time. However throughout the history, people realized that death is something everyone has to face, and that there is no way to escape from it. People from different nations have their own way of defining death. I took the examples of ancient Egyptians and Koreans to compare. Egyptians believed that the afterlife is reemergence of best time of present world. They always imagined another world to come and prepared for it with confidence. Pharaohs and noble people spent many years to build their tomb, the pyramids. They employed special people to decorate their pyramids with different paintings and sculptures. These artworks usually described the activities which they want to continue afterlife such as hunting or feast. Koreans also believed in afterlife. However, they did not build fancy tombs or prepared death like Egyptians. Inspired by Confucian, they thought that remembering the dead is the most important thing. They had many rules to obey in dealing with death. The most conspicuous thing was costume and special ceremony. When a member of family passed away, everyone wore white clothing to express their grief. Men wore a strap around their arm and women wore white cloth on top of their head. In now days, men still wear a strap around their arm but women wear white hairpin on their head instead. Another interesting thing is that when ones parents pass away, the son had to build a small hut right next his parents tomb and guard it for three years. After three years, he would return to his home and he would hold a special ceremony once in a year to remember his parents. Ancient Egyptians mummified dead body to promise next life. They would remove all the organs expect the heart and embalm it. Then they would wrap the body with fine linen and place them in...

Women in Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Women in Sports - Essay Example Women participation in sports/Olympics Considering the historical background of women participation in the Olympics, it is obvious that women have enjoyed nominal representation in ancient games. As Barbara L. Drinkwater comments; â€Å"Although the modern Olympic Games actually began in 1896, women were not permitted to participate† (Drinkwater & Inthe international Federation of Sports Medicine xi). Research professionals consider Amsterdam Olympics as a special one. This Olympics achieved international attention because of its women representation. In this game, a female participant had won the gold medal in Olympics history. Betty Robinson Schwartz is considered as the first female gold winner in the Olympics. In the Amsterdam Olympics, she created a new history in track and field (Zabell). Women fol,k have faced severe discrimination from the part of authorities and male community. Historical studies prove that the patriarchal society never ready to keep the achievements of women in the Olympics and other ceremonies. In 396 B.C. Olympics, Kyniska, a Spartan princess, won an Olympic chariot race, but she is banned from accumulating her prize in person (Anthony & suffragist). The problem of social attitude towards women part he participated in some sports items contributes supplementary causes for poor female representation. In the case of boxing, it is clear that the game requires a higher level of physical fitness and it is more stereotypically supposed for men. Boxing constitutes a psychological as well a physiological pace in which tension and emotional frustrations the can be revealed through the use of ropes and corners posts (Scott & Conover 40). Lack of opportunities for women in participating sports programs plays a vital role in the process of lowering women participation in sports and games.â€Å"Furthermore, in many countries, women have scarcely any opportunity of taking a sport in their leisure time† (Drinkwater & International Fe deration of Sports Medicine 17). Another important thing is that society always treats the woman as secondary to man. People never ready to admit to women participation in sports. Female’s sports participation turns down more speedily with age than does that of male, and is more vulnerable to the impact of family and domestic reasons sibilities than men (Houlihan 92). Considerable changes have been remarked in the field of women participation in the Olympics. A kind of gradual development in female participation in sports events and other physical activities. In 1900 Parris Olympics two items were included for women. The period from 1976 t0 88 was recorded by active women representation in sports and games (Lam & Chang 153). After that International Olympic Council (IOC) revived its manual and ensures active female representation in sports and games without gender discrimination.

Food Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa and implication to US National Essay

Food Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa and implication to US National Security - Essay Example In this regard, the Sub-Saharan Africa is the most hit by conflicts that can be associated with food insecurity. The conflicts that often emerge because of food insecurity tend to destroy local economies. As a result, there is forced migration, creation of refugee populations, emergent of diseases such as cholera and the collapse of social institutions. In Sub-Saharan Africa, food insecurity has contributed to civil wars, communal conflicts, and democratic breakdowns1. Where there is a conflict, other issues prop up, and they influence how people express their discontent with the lack of food security. Such factors are context specific and include demographic, social, political and economic factors. As a region that is still developing, the Sub-Saharan Africa relies on the Western countries for support to improve their institutions. In this regard, a major developed country that plays a key role in promoting social, political and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa is the Unit ed States. However, as the problem of food insecurity continues to persist in the region, the United States finds itself involved in solving African conflicts2. As a result, it is plausible for food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa to have an implication on United States national security and the military respectively. In most Sub-Saharan Africa countries, food insecurity is a major issue and is often a result of scarce resources such as water and land. In the search for these scarce commodities, communal conflicts often emerge and can escalate to a civil war particular when the government supports one warring faction in the conflict. An example in this sense is the Darfur conflict that escalated into a civil war and displaced millions. Further, an increase in food prices creates conflict because, high food prices erode real income and the affected in extreme cases, are driven to drastic measures that include

Cyber Warfare in China Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Cyber Warfare in China - Term Paper Example Moreover, it is difficult to identify the sources of attack since the hackers can strike the target precisely without leaving many evidences about the culprits. Cyber warfare will involve disruption of crucial network services and data, damage to critical infrastructure, and the creation of uncertainty and doubt among opposing commanders and political leaders. Cyber-attack provides an ability to strike both tactical and strategic targets from a distance using inexpensive systems China is often been accused for its involvement in cyber warfare with its enemy countries like America, India etc. People’s Liberation Army (PLA) of China is accused for conducting cyber warfare with many other countries. In fact, â€Å"PLA takes cyber war seriously as this kind of warfare offers an immediate way for the country to overcome the superiority of the U.S. in warfare techniques and weaponry† . America is one country which has superior military power than China. Based on the current capabilities, it is difficult for China to attack America directly. So, they are believed to be causing huge problems to America with the help of cyber warfare. Same way, India is another country which is working against the interests of China. India’s has frontier disputes with China. Moreover, the acceptance given to the Tibetan leader Dalai Lama by India is indigestible to China. So they are causing huge problems to India with the help of cyber warfare. Because of the necessities of instant interchange of information between countries located at different parts of the world, most networks and the computers in the world are connected in some ways. In a heavily globalized world, it is difficult for a country to isolate its computer networks from global networks. Moreover, majority of the computers in the networks are using same operating systems and networking technologies because of the monopoly of some companies in these sectors. For example, Windows is used as the operating system in majority of the computers all over the world. Same way, TCP/IP protocols are used in majority of the computer networks. Although a completely accurate map of the overall Net has not been produced, it is logical to reason that the 95% of privately owned networks are connected to each other in some way. The interoperability benefits of standardized protocols and the spread of recently devised worms and viruses such as Nimda and Sasser are testament to th e links between these networks4. China has superior internet related technologies compared to many other countries in the world. Moreover, many of the Chinese youths are currently getting training on computer software. China knows very well that they can cause huge problems to enemies silently and escape from getting punished by others. â€Å"After land, sea, air and space, warfare has entered the fifth domain: cyberspace†5. Until recent times, military powers were keen in accumulating arms and for land, sea, air and space attacks and defense. However, the development of internet or cyber space opened another domain for

Lawyer Ed Masry on a referral Essay Example for Free

Lawyer Ed Masry on a referral Essay Erin Brockovich is a true American hero who’s icon status and â€Å"stick-to-it-iveness† only fuels her determination to expose injustice and lend her voice to those who do not have one. Erin Brockovich is a single mother, unemployed, struggling to make ends meet in a world not particularly kind to single moms. After a car accident leads her to seek legal redress, she meets lawyer Ed Masry on a referral. When he loses her lawsuit, she shows up at his office, demanding a job, barely hiding her desperation. Intimidated, Ed gives her one. By pursuing her own curiosity she brings on a difficult and huge case about PGE. PGE’s desire to increase its profits was so big that they didn’t even care about their neighbors’ health or security. In a world where heroes are often in short supply, the story of Erin Brockovich is an inspirational reminder of the power of the human spirit. Her passion, tenacity and steadfast desire to fight for the rights of the underdog defied the odds. Her victory made even more sweet by the fact that while helping others, she in turn helped herself. This story is not just a triumph of the little guy over the big nasty corporation, its the journey of one woman down the path of self-discovery as well. If only the world had more â€Å"Erin Brockoviches† in it, perhaps there would be more honesty in it. Profile of an extraordinary woman â€Å"She brought a small town to its feet and a huge corporation to its knees.† After watching the movie I realized that Erins public self was pretty much the same as her private self: she treated Ed, her boss in the same manner as she treated George, her boyfriend. Erin didnt take crap from anybody but at times she did let her aggressions take over. Most of the time these hostilities would lead her in contempt, but in the long run usually worked out for the best. It was a good way to get her point across at times but from my perspective she could have approached some of these situations a little differently, for example the night Erin met George she could have asked him nicely to be quiet instead of chewing him out angrily, even after he tried repeatedly to apologize to her. She is aggressive and she loses her temper easily. Another example of this is point where Ed takes on a partner for advice and help with costs on the PGE cases and when Erin walks in and finds out, she immediately feels offended and flies off the handle when she could have used a pillow method so to speak, to look at the situation from Eds point of view and realize that taking on this partner was in the best interests of the case. Incensed by what she has found, Erin begins a crusade to make Pacific Gas Electric accountable for the illness and death that they have caused. Driven by her own persistence and desire to seek justice for the townspeople, Erin goes door to door to sign up over 600 plaintiffs for a direct-action lawsuit against PGE. However, not everyone shares Erins enthusiasm to see justice done with PGE being the largest employer in the area, Erin finds a number of townspeople leery of rocking the boat. Nonetheless, Erins persistence and the personal interest she takes in their lives makes them listen. She is one of them. A kindred spirit and her ability to connect with them on their level makes them comfortable, ultimately earning their trust. She thrives on being the voice for those who don’t know how to yell. Along with trust and honesty comes respect. When a person is trusted and shown to be honest, that person is respected for those reasons. Erin experiences respect of her for the first time with the community of Hinkley. Once she knows how it feels to be respected, she realizes how valuable that asset can be: â€Å"For the first time in my life, I’ve got people respecting me. When I walk into a room, people shut up to see if I have anything to say. I never had that before. Please, don’t ask me to give that up.† Erin was also respected for her compassion and selflessness. She genuinely cared about every single victim of P.G. E.’s lie. She proved this fact when Theresa said Erin’s files needed some holes filled in and Erin recited from memory all the information Theresa wanted and more. Someone who doesn’t have compassion and caring for the townspeople of Hinkley would not have been able to do that. When Erin is hired there is some internal grumbling at the law firm, as a number of Erins co-workers resent her outspoken personality and questionable style of dress. She talks in a non-polite way, she always goes straight to her point and she is not afraid of saying what’s in her mind, she is brutally honest: â€Å"Thats all you got, lady. Two wrong feet and ugly shoes!† She also loves ironies: â€Å"I just went out there and performed sexual favors†. Erin is always able to get the evidences she needs by using the means she has, she is extremely confident.

Research Paper -- essays papers

Research Paper Inclusive education means that all students in a school, regardless of their strengths or weaknesses in any area, become part of the school community. They are included in the feeling of belonging among other students, teachers, and support staff. The educational practice known as, full inclusion may have negative effects on the self-esteem of a special needs child. In 1975, Congress passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, also known as Public Law94-142. Before this law came into effect many children with disabilities were routinely excluded from public schools. Their options were to remain at home or be institutionalized. This law was an important landmark in education and because of this law, today; no child may be denied a free and appropriate public education. Inclusion is a relatively new movement in education developed first by parents and professional advocates. It is an attempted to bring special needs children into the classroom and to educate them in, classrooms with there, non-learning disabled peers. While attempting to do this I think it is extremely important to consider the self-esteem of a child being put in these classrooms. One of the basic elements of self-esteem comes from the comfort in being part of a valued social circle. A child with special needs placed in a regular classroom already feels ostracized because their needs differ from the majority of the class. Inclusion may help a child academically, but the maturity level of these children keeps them socially apart from the rest of their peers. Inclusion was first introduced in 1989 by the CSIE (center for studies on inclusive education). Prior to the introduction of inclusion was the idea of mainstreaming ... ...ith severe disabilities in schools. San Diego, California: Singular Publishing Group. Schwier, K. & Hingsburger, D. (2000). Sexuality: your sons and daughters with intellectual disabilities. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. Tamaren, M. (1992). I make a difference: a curriculum guide building self-esteem and sensitivity in the inclusive classroom. Novato, California: Academic Therapy Publications. Vance, B. (ed). (1998). Psychological assessment of children. Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This book includes many psychiatric assessments of students in inclusive classrooms. Masters, Jason. (2003). Interview conducted with Jason Masters on April 2003. Pevik, J., Mccomas, J., & Laflamme, M. (2002). Barriers and facilitators to inclusive Education. Council for exceptional children, Vol. 69, pp. 97-107.

powmac The Power of Religion and Fate in Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth essa

The Power of Religion and Fate in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth presents a religious view of man's existence and destiny. Shakespeare, however, did not write a religious or theological tract. He explored the meaning of human life in those terms which art uses in order to project our deepest thoughts and feelings; in broad, popular religious symbols and myths, whose meaning is as profound as it is easily recognized.    The unparalleled religious crisis, through which Europe was passing at the time of Shakespeare writing Macbeth, the first decade of the seventeenth century, shook the traditional religious heritage to its foundations. Placed between an Everyman and a Pilgrim's Progress Macbeth did not have the simple clarity of either; the former was written before the phase of violent disintegration and the latter when more settled ideas had begun to consolidate themselves. We do not see the fluency of construction in Macbeth as we see in Everyman or Pilgrim's Progress. But the religious, Christian view is intensely there to determine the nature of imagery and the significance of characters. The human problem that is the basic idea of Macbeth is the relation between evil in human nature called "sin" and the everlasting scheme of things presided over by a Deity whose justice, wisdom and benevolence could be doubted temporarily but never rejected. More abstractly, the problem was that of h uman responsibility and free will, human freedom, in a world ruled by divine necessity.       Macbeth begins with a set of supernatural figures. Witches have been always associated with darkness, night and crime. Saul, in Samuel (1), visits the Witch of Endor in order to know his destiny. Saul himself had taken seve... ...moil in Act I shows the process of perversion of reason and corruption of will. He knows the good but will not and cannot do it and there is no intercessory power for him to turn to for aid His incapacity to pray in the soliloquy in Act I, the intervention by his wife (instead of by a good angel) just when he decides not to proceed further, the promptness with which the fantasy of the deed forms itself in his mind after he hears the prophecy-all these testify that Macbeth is a reprobate predestined to damnation.          Works Cited:    Macbeth. New York: Arden Edition (New Series)    Bindoff,S.T. Sr Tudor England, Pelican Books.1959    Dyer, T. Folklore of Shakespeare. Griffith & Farren:London,1883 (First Edition)    Elliott,G.R. Dramatic Providence in Shakespeare. Princeton University Press, 1958 (out-of-print Title)

Sphe 315

Advanced Training Methods Casey Cousins SPHE 315 Professor Moore American Military University September 2, 2012 I am going to describe in detail that compares and contrasts various muscle building approaches. In weight training there are numerous approaches you can take away, in learning how to build muscle perfecting that physique you so badly want. The four different training methods I will compare and contrast today will be, Super Sets, Forced Reps, Pyramid System, and Periodization.Each advanced training method improves your overall fitness goal one way or the other. First we will talk about the super set training method and how it impacts the body when it comes to training. According to http://www. livestrong. com/article/143669-superset-workout-programs/#ixzz25MwKZX7s A superset is an advanced weight training technique or intensity technique. Intensity is an important factor for continued progress and results. Advanced training techniques such as supersets take your workout to a higher level without adding more volume.A superset is two to three exercise sets performed immediately after the other with as little rest as possible in between. Incorporate supersets into your workouts and pump some new energy into your routine. An antagonist superset is performing two exercises back to back for opposing muscle groups. An antagonist muscle moves the joint in the opposite manner of the agonist muscle. Examples of opposing muscle groups include quads/hamstrings, chest/back and biceps/triceps. Set up your superset stations prior to starting the workout so you can move from one exercise to the next with no rest.For the chest and back, perform dumbbell chest presses immediately followed by bent over dumbbell rows. Leg extensions superset with leg curls will hit the quads and hamstrings. To finish off the workout, perform barbell curls with skull crushers. This antagonist superset workout hits all the major muscles. (Livestrong) The Superset is an excellent intensity technique not only for fat loss but for muscle building as well. The Superset is a very simple basic concept. You will perform two exercises

Whats Eating Gilbert Grape essays

Whats Eating Gilbert Grape essays Personal Identity in Whats Eating Gilbert Grape Personal identity is much like the blueprint for mankind, like a house, it is built and shaped after its design. If not built properly the house will eventually fall apart from how it was built or by the causes of nature. In the case of someone's identity if built properly by an individual it will last and stay strong, however adversity acts like a force of human nature and can either take a positive rebuilding role on a persons identity or a negative destructing role. In the film, What's Eating Gilbert Grape and from the excerpt in the novel of the same title, the director and author directly suggest personal identity as a key issue in the story. Whats eating the good Gilbert is laid out for us, like a feast. The title from the author further suggests we consider not only whats eating Gilbert (the forces preying on him) but also whats eating at him his ways of handling those forces. Living in Endora is like dancing to no music. The lame tone of Gilberts voice over creates a feeling of nothingness and the movie opening, with a track back along the road, suggests a sense of withdrawal. If Endora itself is nothingness, what is life out in the sticks, at the Grape house? Life at the Grape house is very depressing for all. Bonnie feels she has burdened her children and because of this Gilbert is forced to play the role of dad; Arnies retardation makes it hard for the rest of the family to deal with him because he is so hard to look after. All of this has a major impact on Gilbert. Over the course of the film Gilbert undergoes deep change. He is at first embarrassed by his mother, speaks disparagingly of her and even, at o ne point, lifts a small child to the window to peek at her. Yet in the final scenes, with Bonnie on her bed, there is love, tenderness and respect in his face. He has released all hi ...

Five Subfields Of Anthropology Essays

Five Subfields Of Anthropology Essays Five Subfields Of Anthropology Paper Five Subfields Of Anthropology Paper Archaeologists dig and search for remains of past cultures such as bones, pottery, and tools. The Archaeologists are trying to learn how people lived before us and why they did. An Archaeologist might study The battle of Clapped something from right In the Niagara Region. They would excavate find weapons, uniforms, and bones. They would be able to learn a lot from what they dug up to see how they did things during their time. Biological Anthropology/ Physical Anthropology : Biological Anthropology Is the tidying of evolution and ecology of human beings and other primates, the goal being to understand the history of the evolution. A Biological Anthropologist may take after Jane Goodwill and study a specific primates for many years to study their ecology. Anthropological linguistics: This subfield of Anthropology is focusing on the study of language and culture and the connections between language, human biology and cognitions. Someone studying Anthropological linguistics may be interested in studying the different languages of Native Australians. Applied Anthropology: This field means whenever Anthropology is put to use. So whenever Anthropology is actually used to solve a problem not Just research. A good example of Applied Anthropology that is very relevant to today is the Bola epidemic. : The West Africans that are getting treated do not like hospitals at all because they believe that is where the Bola is coming from. So they are now sending in Anthropologists. To find a way they can treat them and come to an understanding that they are trying to help. I am most interested in Applied Anthropology because I Like to accomplish things and really get in the work field. Only research would not be enough to satisfy me. This Is why applied Anthropology Interests me.

Symbolic Model of Leadership Essays

Symbolic Model of Leadership Essays Symbolic Model of Leadership Essay Symbolic Model of Leadership Essay Am I too old/young? , Will the locals chase me out? Are there sharks swimming around out there? , and Do you think I will really be able to stand up? . The laidback cultural lifestyle of surfers helps put any stress at ease. XXSS instructors explain how the lessons are conduc ed t , discuss any possible but unlikely dangers, and reassure guests that they will have the time of their life experiencing a culture that is sometimes misunderstood. The instructors all look the part bikinis and board shorts and have such a great enthusiasm for their Job because they get to share an important part of their lifestyle ith others. They have a style of language that they use with the guests that often bring humor to the experience. Using slang terms such as Hangloose, Knarly Ride, Rad Wave, and giving the Shaka are all part of the show and guests love it. They repeat these sayings and flash the Shaka back (or if they are Japanese its usually the Peace sign). While out in the line up, the instructors explain about some of the misconceptions of the surf culture and the proper etiquette to use out in the line-up. By educating the guests of the surf etiquette, it opens up a whole new vision to the culture and tereotypes associated with surfing. Something as simple as knowing which surfer has the right of way when dropping in on a wave can make a huge difference in whether they may experience localism (or being yelled at) in the water. However, most of the surf breaks in Waikiki are known as beginner areas and the locals out there will respect that, unless your being a kook, or someone who has no respect for others and their safety in the water. The backdrop of the stage is the beautiful, clear, blue Pacific Ocean. While waiting for a set to roll in, guests are enamored by the scenery that you can only ppreciate from the perspective you get being out on the ocean. From the skyline of Waikiki, to the beautiful mountains, to the peak of Diamondhead Crater, they get to immerse themselves right in the middle of the culture of the Islands of Hawaii as well. The instructors can tell some of the stories and legends of how the volcano was formed, point out the surf break the famous Duke surfed at, and if the guests are lucky, they can meet Moku the resident Green Sea Turtle who frequents the area. instructors are knowledgeable about the formations of the reef and how that effects when and how the waves break. They are taught certain aspects of the surf culture not only so that it may be appreciated and better understood, but also so it may invite newcomers to love and respect the sport. Some have even gone as far as changing their own lifestyle so they can embrace the surf lifestyle as their own. Unfortunately, this isnt always feasible for everyone, but at least with XXSS, they offer visitors a chance to at least bring some of the culture home with them. Inside the shop, Swag or surf apparel with the XXSS logo can be purchased such as t-shirts or hats and young kids can get temporary tattoos (which they love to stick ll over their bodies). Exclusive to XXSS, guests have the option to take home some sick photos or a totally rad DVD of their experience. Each lesson that goes out is photographed and filmed by XXSSs partner editing company, which customizes photos and DVDs to take home with them. Each video showcases the entire experience from the land lesson to their first ride to the high five from the instructor at the end. The personal mini documentary encompasses shots of the island and some sea creatures and captures every exciting moment of the guests experience. It is burned to a play list of music from the surf culture and can include songs such as, Wipeout by the Surfaris, Surf Song by Jack Johnson, and Sweet Honey by Slightly Stoopid XXSSs visitors enjoy taking home a keepsake ot their adventure and will show the DVD to friends and family and many of their photos are displayed on media sites such as blogs and Facebook. Not only do the guests get to take home and share the surf school culture with others, it help stimulate more business for XXSS and aid in its success. Embracing culture is very important for XXSS to be successful. Someone who is seeking out surfing lessons would not want to walk into an office building and find their instructor behind a cubicle waiting for them. They would not want someone who is sitting behind a desk most of the day to change out of their suit and tie and take them on a business ride. Parents come to XXSS to find safe, knowledgeable surfers to take their kids out; women come to find that hot surf boy-next-door to paddle them out; and guys want cute chics in bikinis carrying surfboards around. It is all part of the lifestyle and culture surrounding most surf schools. But the ones who are successful, are the ones who are fun, safe, have enthusiasm, and Spirit which is the essence of high performance (Boleman Deal, 2008, pg. 290). Symbolic perspectives may question traditional views on how to build a team, but finding the right people and combining the symbols of play, teamwork, ritual, stories, and myth will certainly enhance it (Boleman Deal, 2008, pg. 290). XXSS prides most of its success with the high praise and reviews the organization receives from the guests and from people stopping by because they read the reviews or say that XXSS as recommended to them. Most importantly, the visitors who return to Hawaii year after year and come surf with XXSS year after year are the most valuable because those are the ones who make it all worthwhile. They are the ones who really fell in love with surfing and they are the ones to embrace and share in its beautiful and special cultural style. XXSS has a team of instructors (owner included) who form a community, share culture, find meaning in their work and most importantly, they have Soul. Peak performance will emerge as a team discovers it Soul (Boleman Deal, 2008, pg. 291). Surfers around the world have the Spirit and the Soul to do what they do. Combine that with people who love to teach and share those things, then you will have a fun, exciting place to learn about the world of surfing Just like youd find at XXSS. In the words of the Surfer Dude on catching a great ride: Its Just like Dude, you get the best barrels ever, dude. Its Just like, you pull in and you Just get spitted outem. You Just drop in, smack the lip Waapah! Just drop drown Swoopah! And then after that you Just drop in, ride the barrel and get pitted, sooo pitted.

Terrorism in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Terrorism in the United States - Research Paper Example To accomplish this, U.S. entered into agreements which included military protection with ultra-conservative monarchies in exchange of oil reserves. Consequently, leadership in this region has perennially remained undemocratic alienating the masses further from the government. This has further triggered Islamic resistance against the American domination and undemocratic rule (Jackson, 2006). Secondly, Washington’s decision to support Israel to the detriment of Palestine contributed immensely to the creation of Arab and Islam antipathy towards U.S. This factor became much evident in 1967 when Israel invaded and occupied large swaths of Palestinian territory. Up to date, Israel and Palestinians are at war over this contentious territory. The third reason that probably contributed to 9/11 was involvement of U.S. army in the Afghanistan civil war that erupted in 1978. Unpopularity of United States within the Arabic regimes worsened following the sanctions that U.S. government impos ed against the people of Iraq in 1991. This decision preceded the gulf War and more than 1.5 Iraqis died following dozen years of U.S. sanctions. Lastly, the move by U.S. to forcefully employ its Military in Afghanistan following the 9/11 attacks triggered radical sentiments in most of the Arabic states. Understanding the root causes of terrorist attacks targeting United States and to a larger extent the entire globe offers the best framework to addressing the challenges. Principally, the radical Islamic views against U.S. is a product of the United States’ foreign policies and foreign interests. In an effort to maintain its global dominance, U.S. has been forced to directly or indirectly intervene in the governance... Terrorism has been a growing concern for both the government and the citizens of United States in the last two decades. Prior to the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, the government appeared to have successfully kept the international terrorist organizations away from the American soil. However, this did not in any way imply that the citizens of United States were safe from terror attacks. Terrorism, according to U.S. State Department, is defined as premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against non-combatant targets by particular groups or individuals, usually with an aim of commanding influence or expressing grievances. Essentially, terrorism is classified into either international or domestic terrorism. International terrorism, which forms the focus of this research work, is that which involves citizens or territory of more than one country. On the other hand, domestic terrorism are normally carried out by citizens of a particular county within the borders of the same country (White, 2011). In conclusion, terrorism stands out as one of the greatest threat to U.S. homeland security. The situation is further complicated by the recent proliferation of nuclear weapons and the fears of these organization accessing these weapons. Therefore, it is imperative for the government to employ both diplomatic and tactical moves in countering the activities of terrorist organizations. Washington has the obligation to recognize the need to engage Arabic nations in talks aimed at resolving historical conflicts.